What is the purpose of 'de-icing' before takeoff?

De-icing before takeoff serves the critical purpose of applying anti-icing substances to the aircraft's surfaces, particularly the wings and control surfaces, to ensure safe performance during flight. Ice accumulation can significantly disrupt airflow over the wings and control surfaces, leading to a reduction in lift, increased drag, and potential loss of controllability, which can pose serious risks during takeoff and climb.

By removing ice and preventing further accumulation, de-icing ensures that the aircraft can achieve the necessary aerodynamic performance for a safe departure. This process is vital for maintaining the aircraft's integrity and operational capability, especially in winter weather conditions where frost, snow, or ice can form on the surface.

While factors like fuel efficiency, speed during ascent, and weight distribution are essential aspects of aircraft performance, they are not the primary concern addressed by de-icing procedures. The primary focus is on maintaining safe operational conditions by preventing ice from adversely affecting the aircraft’s ability to fly effectively.