What does the term 'weight and balance' refer to in flight planning?

The term 'weight and balance' in flight planning refers specifically to the distribution of weight within the aircraft to ensure safe operation. Proper weight and balance calculations are critical for aircraft performance, stability, and control during all phases of flight.

When weight is not distributed correctly, it can lead to adverse flight characteristics, such as difficulty in controlling the aircraft during maneuvers, increased takeoff and landing distances, and potential structural damage due to stress on the airframe. Therefore, it's essential to ensure that the weight is balanced appropriately around the center of gravity (CG) of the aircraft to maintain optimal performance and safety.

While total weight (including passengers and cargo) is part of the overall picture, it is the balance of that weight in relation to the aircraft's design parameters that is paramount for safe operation. Other choices mention aspects of weight measurement but do not address the critical concept of balancing that weight within the aircraft's operational limits.