What does the term 'crosswind' refer to in aviation?

The term 'crosswind' in aviation specifically refers to wind that blows perpendicular to the runway direction. In practical terms, this means that when an aircraft is taking off or landing, a crosswind can affect its trajectory because the wind is pushing the aircraft sideways relative to its intended path of travel along the runway axis. Pilots must compensate for crosswinds during these critical phases of flight to maintain control and ensure a safe approach and landing.

Understanding crosswinds is crucial for effective pilot training and operations, as they significantly impact aircraft handling and performance. The effect of a crosswind is particularly noticeable during takeoff and landing procedures, where precise control is necessary to avoid runway excursions or loss of control. Consequently, proper technique in handling crosswinds, such as using appropriate aileron input and maintaining the correct heading, is essential for safe flight operations.